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Monday, March 2, 2009

Holly Shrub

By Jada Aaron

Bladder senna is a 1-3 m shrub with slightly pendent shoot tips. One-year shoots are slightly angular and coloured greenish grey. The small buds are located behind the remainder of the leaf sheath. The bladder senna resembles the pea tree but can be readily distinguished by the odd number of leaflets (those of the pea tree being even).

A native of western and southern Europe, it thrives exceptionally well in the moist and mild coastal climate. It requires partial shade and often grows in woodland. In the Alps it is found at elevations up to 1200 m. In central Europe it is often planted in parks, though it suffers great damage by frost in severe winters.

This is a shrub of western and southern Europe. In central and western Europe its occurrence is limited to the warm, wine-growing regions. It grows in sunny positions, mostly on rocky limestone banks. It requires ample light, stands up well io dry spells but is greatly damaged by frost in severe winters. Game animals are fond of nibbling the bark.

The smoke bush is a shrub or tree glowing to a height of 2-8 m and forming a broad, rounded crown. The shoots are violet-brown, the buds small with pointed tips, borne in terminal clusters. The twigs when broken and leaves when crushed have a strong aromatic scent. The flowers, often dioecious, are borne in feathery panicles in June. The fruits ripen at the beginning of September. Both the flowering panicles and fruits make the smoke bush a very attractive ornamental. It produces prolific stump sprouts as well as root suckers.

The smoke bush is a native of southern Europe south of the Carpathians and of southern Siberia, its range extending to China. It grows on dry, mostly south-facing banks in thin oak and pine woods. A light-loving shrub, it stands up well to dry spells and tolerates soils containing lime and magnesium. In central and western Europe it is widely planted in parks as a specimen plant for its ornamental reddish fluffy fruiting clusters and crimson autumn foliage. It may be damaged by frost in severe winters.

Farmers do not welcome its presence in the vicinity of fields because it serves as host to the black or bean aphis, which causes great damage to bean and sugar beet plantings. There are several garden varieties of which `Albus' with white fruits, 'Red Cascade' with red fruits and `Atropurpureus' with dull purple leaves are noteworthy.

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